E aʻo e pili ana iā Bismuth

He metala keʻokeʻo kālā a poni paha ʻo Bismuth he palupalu a maʻalahi hoʻi e wāwahi. He paʻa loa kona mau waiwai kemika. Aia ʻo Bismuth ma ke ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka metala manuahi a me nā minelala.
1. [Kūlohelohe]
He metala palupalu ka bismuth maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai he palupalu ka bismuth haumia. He paʻa ia i ka mahana o ka lumi. ʻO kāna mau oka nui he bismuthinite (Bi2S5) a me ka bismuth ocher (Bi2o5). Hoʻonui ʻia ka bismuth wai ke paʻa.
He palupalu ia a he haʻahaʻa ka hoʻokele uila a me ka wela. Loaʻa iā Bismuth selenide lāua ʻo telluride nā waiwai semiconductor.
He metala ʻālohilohi keʻokeʻo kālā (ʻulaʻula) a i melemele māmā ka Bismuth metal, palupalu a maʻalahi hoʻi e wāwahi; i ka mahana o ka lumi, ʻaʻole pane ka bismuth me ka oxygen a i ʻole ka wai a paʻa i ka lewa. He haʻahaʻa kona conductivity uila a me ka thermal; ua manaʻo mua ʻia ʻo bismuth ka mea paʻa loa me ka nui atomika pili nui loa, akā i ka makahiki 2003, ua ʻike ʻia he radioactive nāwaliwali ka bismuth a hiki ke pala i loko o ka thallium-205 ma o ka palaho α. ʻO kona hapalua ola ma kahi o 1.9X10^19 mau makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi 1 biliona manawa o ke ola o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
2. Noi
semiconductor
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana semiconductor i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka bismuth maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka tellurium, selenium, antimony, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā kristal huki no nā thermocouples, ka hana mana thermoelectric haʻahaʻa wela a me ka thermorefrigeration. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ea hoʻoluʻu a me nā pahu hau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka bismuth sulfide artificial e hana i nā photoresistors i nā mea photoelectric e hoʻonui i ka ʻike ma ka ʻāpana spectrum ʻike ʻia.
ʻOihana Nukelea
Hoʻohana ʻia ka bismuth kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he mea lawe wela a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻoluʻu i loko o nā reactors ʻoihana nukelea a ma ke ʻano he mea no ka pale ʻana i nā mea hana fission atomika.
Nā keramika uila
ʻO nā keramika uila e loaʻa ana iā Bismuth e like me nā kristal bismuth germanate he ʻano hou o nā kristal scintillating i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻike radiation nuklea, nā scanner tomography X-ray, electro-optics, piezoelectric lasers a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe; ʻo ka bismuth calcium vanadium (ʻo ka pomegranate ferrite kahi mea gyromagnetic microwave koʻikoʻi a me ka mea cladding magnetic), nā varistors zinc oxide i hoʻopili ʻia me ka bismuth oxide, nā capacitors keramika kiʻekiʻe-frequency e loaʻa ana i ka palena palena bismuth, nā magnet paʻa tin-bismuth, nā keramika a me nā pauka bismuth titanate, nā kristal bismuth silicate, ke aniani fusible e loaʻa ana i ka bismuth a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana.
Lapaʻau lapaʻau
Loaʻa i nā hui Bismuth nā hopena o ka astringency, antidiarrhea, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka dyspepsia gastrointestinal. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, a me ka potassium bismuth subrubberate e hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻōpū. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena astringent o nā lāʻau bismuth i ke ʻoki kino e mālama i ka trauma a hoʻōki i ke kahe koko. I ka radiotherapy, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui bismuth ma kahi o ka alumini e hana i nā papa pale no nā maʻi e pale aku i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino mai ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana i ka radiation. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāʻau bismuth, ua ʻike ʻia he hopena anti-cancer kekahi mau lāʻau bismuth.
Nā mea hoʻohui Metallurgical
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o bismuth i ke kila hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai hana o ke kila, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o bismuth i ka hao hao malleable hiki ke loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai e like me nā kila kila.