He mea hao ʻole ka sulfur me ka hōʻailona kemika S a me ka helu atomika o 16. ʻO ka sulfur maʻemaʻe he kristal melemele, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he sulfur a i ʻole sulfur melemele. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sulfur Elemental i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka ethanol, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka carbon disulfideCS.2.
1. Nā waiwai kino
- He kristal melemele keʻokeʻo ka sulfur ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ala a ʻono ʻole.
- He nui nā allotropes o ka Sulfur, a ua haku ʻia lākou a pau me S8nā molekala cyclic. ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka orthorhomb sulfur (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) a me ka monoclinic sulfur (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo β-sulfur).
- He ʻano kūpaʻa ka sulfur Orthorhombic, a i ka wā e hoʻomehana ʻia ai a hiki i kahi o 100 °C, hiki ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia e loaʻa ai ka sulfur monoclinic. ʻO ka mahana hoʻololi ma waena o ka sulfur orthorhombic a me ka sulfur monoclinic he 95.6 °C. ʻO ka sulfur orhombic wale nō ke ʻano kūpaʻa o ka sulfur ma ka mahana o ka lumi. He melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona ʻano maʻemaʻe (ʻoi aku ka melemele o ka sulfur i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nui liʻiliʻi o ka cycloheptasulfur). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sulfur Orthorhombic i ka wai, he conductivity thermal maikaʻi ʻole, a he insulator uila maikaʻi.
- ʻO ka monoclinic sulfur nā kristal like me ke nila i koe ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka sulfur a me ka ninini ʻana i ka wai keu. ʻO ka monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur nā ʻano like ʻole o ka elemental sulfur ma nā mahana like ʻole. ʻO ka monoclinic sulfur he paʻa wale nō ma luna o 95.6 ℃, a ma ka mahana, hoʻololi mālie ia i orthorhombic sulfur. ʻO ke kiko hoʻoheheʻe o ka orthorhombic sulfur he 112.8 ℃, ʻo ke kiko hoʻoheheʻe o ka monoclinic sulfur he 119 ℃. He mea hoʻoheheʻe loa nā mea ʻelua i ka CS2.
- Aia pū kekahi sulfur elastic. He melemele ʻeleʻele ka sulfur elastic, he mea paʻa elastic i emi iki ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka carbon disulfide ma mua o nā allotropes sulfur ʻē aʻe. He mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ia i ka wai a he mea hoʻoheheʻe iki i loko o ka waiʻona. Inā ninini koke ʻia ka sulfur i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu, ua paʻa ka sulfur kaulahao lōʻihi, sulfur elastic hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, e paʻakikī ia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a lilo i monoclinic sulfur.
2. Nā waiwai kemika
- Hiki i ka sulfur ke puhi i ka lewa, e hana ana me ka oxygen e hana i ka sulfur dioxide (SO₂kinoea.
- Hoʻopili ka sulfur me nā halogens āpau i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai. Puhi ia i loko o ka fluorine e hana i ka sulfur hexafluoride. ʻO ka sulfur wai me ka chlorine e hana i ka disulfur dichloride hoʻonāukiuki ikaika (S2Cl2Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui kaulike e loaʻa ana ka dichloride sulfur ʻulaʻula (SCl) ke nui ka chlorine a me kahi mea hoʻoulu, e like me FeCl3a i ʻole SnI4,hoʻohana ʻia.
- Hiki i ka sulfur ke hana me ka hopena wela o ka potassium hydroxide (KOH) e hana i ka potassium sulfide a me ka potassium thiosulfate.
- ʻAʻole pane ka sulfur me ka wai a me nā waikawa non-oxidizing. Hana ka sulfur me ka waikawa nitric wela a me ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ka waikawa sulfuric a me ka sulfur dioxide.
3. Kahua noi
- Hoʻohana ʻoihana
ʻO nā hoʻohana nui o ka sulfur i ka hana ʻana i nā hui sulfur e like me ka sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, a me nā metal sulfides. ʻOi aku ma mua o 80% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sulfur i kēlā me kēia makahiki o ka honua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka sulfuric acid. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sulfur i ka hana ʻana o ka rubber vulcanized. Ke vulcanized ka rubber maka i loko o ka rubber vulcanized, loaʻa iā ia ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika tensile pale wela, a me ka insolubility i nā solvents organik. Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana rubber i ka rubber vulcanized, i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka rubber maka me nā accelerators ma kekahi mau mahana a me nā kaomi. Pono pū ka sulfur i ka hana ʻana o ka pauka ʻeleʻele a me nā mākēkē, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maka nui no nā ahi ahi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sulfur i ka hana ʻana o nā dyes sulfurized a me nā pigments. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka calcining ʻana i ka hui ʻana o kaolin, carbon, sulfur, diatomaceous earth, a i ʻole ka pauka quartz hiki ke hana i kahi pigment polū i kapa ʻia ʻo ultramarine. Hoʻopau pū ka ʻoihana bleach a me ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi ʻāpana sulfur.
- Hoʻohana lapaʻau
ʻO ka sulfur kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui i loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi ʻili he nui. No ka laʻana, hoʻomehana ʻia ka ʻaila tung me ka sulfur e sulfonate me ka waikawa sulfur a laila hoʻopau ʻia me ka wai ammonia e loaʻa ai ka ʻaila tung sulfonated. ʻO ka ʻaila poni 10% i hana ʻia mai ia mea he hopena anti-inflammatory a me deelling a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā ʻano mumū a me nā pehu ʻili like ʻole.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-09-2024