ʻO ka Sulfur kahi mea ʻole me ka hōʻailona kemika S a me ka helu atomika o 16. ʻO ka sulfur maʻemaʻe he aniani melemele, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo sulfur a i ʻole sulfur melemele. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sulfur element i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka carbon disulfideCS2.
1. Na waiwai kino
- ʻO ka Sulfur ka mea maʻamau he aniani melemele ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻala ʻole a ʻono ʻole.
- He nui nā alotrope o ka Sulfur, aia nā mea a pau me S8nā molekala kaʻapuni. ʻO nā mea maʻamau he orthorhomb sulfur (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) a me monoclinic sulfur (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo β-sulfur).
- ʻO ka sulfur Orthorhombic kahi ʻano paʻa o ka sulfur, a i ka wā i wela ai a hiki i 100 °C, hiki ke hoʻomaha ʻia e loaʻa ai ka monoclinic sulfur. ʻO ka mahana hoʻololi ma waena o ka sulfur orthorhombic a me ka sulfur monoclinic he 95.6 °C. ʻO ka sulfur orhombic wale nō ke ʻano paʻa o ka sulfur ma ka lumi wela. ʻO kona ʻano maʻemaʻe he melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo (ʻoi aku ka melemele o ka sulfur i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka cycloheptasulfur). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sulfur Orthorhombic i ka wai, maikaʻi ʻole ka thermal conductivity, he insulator uila maikaʻi.
- ʻO ka sulfur monoclinic ka heluna like me ka nila i koe ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka sulfur a me ka ninini ʻana i ka wai nui. ʻO ka sulfur monoclinic orthorhombic sulfur nā ʻano like ʻole o ka sulfur elemental i nā mahana like ʻole. ʻO ka sulfur monoclinic wale nō ka paʻa ma luna o 95.6 ℃, a ma ka mahana, hoʻololi mālie ia i ka sulfur orthorhombic. ʻO ka helu heheʻe o ka sulfur orthorhombic he 112.8 ℃, ʻo ka helu heheʻe o ka sulfur monoclinic he 119 ℃. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma CS2.
- Aia kekahi elastic sulfur. ʻO ka sulfur elastic he melemele ʻeleʻele, paʻa elastic ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka carbon disulfide ma mua o nā allotropes sulfur ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waiʻona. Inā ninini koke ʻia ka sulfur hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka sulfur kaulahao lōʻihi, stretchable elastic sulfur. Eia naʻe, e paʻakikī ia i ka manawa a lilo i monoclinic sulfur.
2.Kemika waiwai
- Hiki ke wela i ka sulfur i ka lewa, e hana ana me ka oxygen e hana i ka sulfur dioxide (SO₂) kinoea.
- Hoʻopili ka Sulfur me nā halogen a pau i ka hoʻomehana ʻana. Puhi ia i loko o ka fluorine e hana i ka sulfur hexafluoride. ʻO ka sulfur wai me ka chlorine e hana i ka disulfur dichloride (S2Cl2). Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi huikau kaulike i loaʻa ka sulfur dichloride ʻulaʻula (SCl) ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chlorine a me kahi catalyst, e like me FeCl3ole SnI4,hoʻohana ʻia.
- Hiki i ka sulfur ke hana me ka wai wela pāhareha (KOH) e hana ai i ka pāpaʻa sulfide a me ka pāpaʻa thiosulfate.
- ʻAʻole pane ka Sulfur me ka wai a me nā waikawa non-oxidizing. Hoʻopili ʻia ka Sulfur me ka waika nitric wela a me ka ʻakika sulfuric concentrated a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka sulfuric acid a me ka sulfur dioxide.
3.Application kahua
- Hoʻohana ʻenehana
ʻO ka hoʻohana nui o ka sulfur i ka hana ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur e like me ka sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, a me metal sulfides. ʻOi aku ma mua o 80% o ka ʻai sulfur makahiki o ka honua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Sulfur i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōpala vulcanized. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka lāʻau maka i loko o ka pulu vulcanized, loaʻa iā ia ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika tensile pale wela, a me ka insolubility i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau me ka vulcanized rubber, ka mea i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻōpala maka me nā mea hoʻolalelale i kekahi mau wela a me nā kaomi. Pono pū ʻia ka Sulfur i ka hana ʻana i ka pauka ʻeleʻele a me nā pāʻani, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maka nui no ke ahi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sulfur i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani sulfurized a me nā puaʻa. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka calcining i ka hui ʻana o kaolin, carbon, sulfur, diatomaceous earth, a i ʻole quartz pauda hiki ke hana i kahi puaʻa polū i kapa ʻia ʻo ultramarine. ʻO ka ʻoihana bleach a me ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻai pū i kahi ʻāpana sulfur.
- Hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ka Sulfur kekahi o nā mea i loko o nā lāʻau maʻi ʻili. No ka laʻana, hoʻomehana ʻia ka ʻaila tung me ka sulfur a sulfonate me ka sulfur acid a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka wai amonia e loaʻa ai ka ʻaila sulfonated tung. He 10% ʻaila i hana ʻia mai ia mea he hopena anti-inflammatory a deelling a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻili ʻili a me nā pehu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-09-2024